Is Energy Released When Chemical Bonds Are Formed

One of the biggest challenges for chemistry students is understanding whether energy is required or released when chemical bonds are broken and formed. One reason this can be confusing is that a complete chemical reaction can go either way. Exothermic reactions release energy in the form of heat, so the sum of the energy released exceeds the amount required. Endothermic reactions absorb energy, so the sum of the energy required exceeds the amount that is released. In all types of chemical reactions, bonds are broken and reassembled to form new products. However, in exothermic, endothermic, and all chemical reactions, it takes energy to break the existing chemical bonds and energy is released when the new bonds form. Breaking Bonds → Energy Absorbed Forming Bonds → Energy Released Breaking Bonds Requires Energy You have to put energy into a molecule to break its chemical bonds. The amount needed is called the bond energy. After all, molecules dont spontaneously break. For example, when is the last time you saw a pile of wood spontaneously burst into flames or a bucket of water turn into hydrogen and oxygen? Energy must be applied for these reactions to occur. Forming Bonds Releases Energy Energy is released when bonds form. Bond formation represents a stable configuration for atoms, sort of like relaxing into a comfy chair. You release all your extra energy when you  sink into the chair and it takes more energy to get you back up again.

Lester Browns Plan B 4.0 Mobilizing to Save Civilization

Lester Browns Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization is one of a few books published that reveals in depth planning to ecological sustainability. Lester Brown is the President of a non-profit research organization titled â€Å"Earth Policy Institute,† which he founded in May of 2001. Mr. Brown has developed a four step plan to make the Earth a cleaner and better place. Throughout this paper we will be weighing the pros and cons of Lester Browns four step plan. Lester Brown’s plan has lots of upside but remember; nothing is free, everything produced has an opportunity cost. Mr. Brown is an intelligent human being, but fails to recognize the damage that can be made in producing â€Å"environmental-friendly† objects such as electric cars and windmills. It is also important to understand that every plan created for achieving ecological sustainability will have tremendous downsides. It is a good start, but humans are still decades, maybe even centuries away from creating the correct plan to achieve ecological sustainability. To understand the entirety of Lester Brown’s plan, you must break down each step individually. It is also important to comprehend that Lester’s results from each step could very well be correct but the process of each could do more harm than good. Before revealing plan 4.0, Mr. Brown explains the constraints, setbacks, and conflicts of the current world: skyrocketing food costs, steady increase of hunger (projected 1.2 billion by 2015), limited irrigation

My Favorite Place in the World Free Essays

The sun shines. The water glistens in the bright light. The wind swirls around me, unsettling the hot sand beneath my feet. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Place in the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now I run to the ocean, disturbing the calm water as I dive in. The water surrounds me, engulfing me in its warmth. I am now at peace. For right now, at this moment, I am one with the water and the salt and the sand, and everything is okay. All my problems are washed away with the tide. It’s just me and the ocean. Just me and the beach. Just me and my favorite place in the world. I cannot describe how much the ocean means to me. The waves, the sand, the sun, the water, the world deep beneath the surface that no human truly understands, everything about it just connects with me. I grew up with the ocean; it was on the shores that I took my first steps, learned to swim, and grew familiar with all the small creatures the dwell near the shore. No, I didn’t entirely grow up on the beach, though I wish I had. I’ve lived since birth, in the Chicago land area. However, once a year my family has gathered in a beach house in North Carolina, right on the ocean, for a weeklong reunion. I treasured those precious seven days I had with my family on the beach, for that is all I got; seven days of pure happiness, and then I went back to my normal, beach-less life. Don’t get me wrong; I loved growing up in the city, but something about those weeks at the beach captured my heart and made me yearn for more. So many of my best childhood memories are centered on the shores of North Carolina. Surrounded by all my favorite people and things, there was never a dull moment. Though looking back it seems like we spent every waking moment on the beach and in the water, we also played games inside the beach house, or just hung out and talked while sitting on the porch, looking out at a beautiful beach sunset. When I was younger, no older than maybe six years old, I loved the waves. My cousins would be too scared to go near the big ones, preferring to stay near the shore. But as for me, the daredevil, I looked down upon the wimpy waves, wanting only the big ones that can only be found in deeper water. Once, a big storm hit our beach and all the strong men went out to try to conquer the 10 feet waves. I wanted so much to join them battle the sea. However, my mother would not let me go in. So instead, my cousins and I stayed on the porch watching, amazed at how the calm and peaceful ocean of the daytime could turn into such a monster. But the next morning, the sound of the calm waves crashing on the sandy shore greeted me as I first opened my eyes to the new day in paradise. The peaceful water I knew and loved had returned, waiting for me to go back in. Even the not so great things at the beach will grow on a person. For instance, the fact that sand gets everywhere may bother some people, but not me. And not just the places you would expect it to be, it’s everywhere. Even when you try so hard not to touch the sandy ocean floor, it gets in your swimsuit, the couch, the bed, and the floor. It just seems to follow you in the house, despite the many rugs feebly attempting the stop the sand at the front door. But while at any beach, you come to expect it. I not only came to live with sleeping with sand, but I also started to like it. I never had to leave the beach, even when I was sleeping. There are other down sides to being at the beach, but none of them bother me anymore. For example, no matter how much sunscreen you rub into your skin, you always seem to get sunburn somewhere. Or how it doesn’t matter if you are dripping with bug spray at night, the mosquitoes attack you anyway. But even sunburn and mosquito bites can’t ruin my trips to the beach. After all, I am at my favorite place in the world. How to cite My Favorite Place in the World, Essay examples

Farmer Essay Example For Students

Farmer Essay In The Sky By HeinleinThe book Farmer in the Sky by Robert A. Heinlein was published in 1950,when culture consisted of new teenage rebellion. It was written in the yearsfollowing World War 2. However, this book was not about the war, but mainlyabout the authors view on a solution to a worldwide problem in the future. The main character of this book, who was in his teenage years, was WilliamLermer. The central characters that surrounded him were Bills father George,his deceased mother Anne, his stepmother Molly, and his stepsister Peggy. Georgeand Anne had a great influence on shaping Bills character, George being themain role model. Bill would go to George for advice all the time. He would acton a decision the way he thought George would. They called each other by theirfirst names, which showed that they had great trust and togetherness. AlthoughAnne was not with Bill physically, she was with him emotionally. In Billsmind, Anne was the one who gave him an emotional push when he needed one. Bill learned his way of independence and his sense of family and morals from theboth of them. The books general theme was how an individual and a communityof people cope and interact through life-changing and traumatic events. Itproclaimed how someone can change and become stronger through a period of majoroccurrences, no matter what the age factor may be. The primary concept of thisbook was to show how people cope with issues facing mankind in a broader sense. Furthermore, it was how they dealt with dependence, in themselves and others. The time period of this story takes place sometime in the future, whenoverpopulation had become a problem. Supplies, such as food, had been rationed. This book was an intriguing insight into a 1950s authors outlook on thefuture. The author used his experiences of coming through a world in the midstof war in situations in the book. Heinlein had ideas to solving theoverpopulation problem, but it was not by commanding man. His idea wascolonization in a whole new place, which was one of Jupiters moons. It wasinteresting to see how a society that had all its resources back on Earth starta new life from practically nothing on a place billions of miles away. Therewere many examples of symbolism in this story, which represented both theauthors and societys values and morals. The Boy Scouts was something Billwas part of his whole life, on Earth and on the new colony. For a lifetime, theBoy Scouts have taught people good values, like seeing things through to the endand being able to survive no matter what the conditions. It also emphasized goodcharacter in people. To add to that, family was stressed in this story. TheLermers always stuck to gether as a family in moving to a new colony, starting anew life, and through disaster. Moreover, the story began too abruptly. It leftthe reader bewildered in the beginning about the time and the setting, and whatwas going on in the background. However, the book was crafted very well. Throughthe authors words, a view on society and their morals was expressed. He useda third-person technique to tell the story. The main character told story, butalso acted as an observer throughout the whole story. The vivid and veryrealistic world that he described made me wonder what the future holds for us. English Essays